Constant comparative analysis is an iterative analytical process connecting all aspects of a research project. Primarily associated with grounded theory, constant comparative analysis is part of the concurrent data collection and analysis method, and commences with the first instance of data gathering. Data are initially compared within a single data set before comparing new data with existing data. Codes are compared with codes, and gradually grouped into categories of similar and related codes.
Constant comparative analysis is superficially similar to the iterative nature of thematic analysis, a method that tends to be more structured in its approach to coding and theme development, focusing on identifying and interpreting patterns and meanings in the data. However, the emphasis on continuous comparison and refinement of categories and concepts facilitated by constant comparative analysis, undertaken with the intention of developing a fully integrated theory or model, results in a higher level of abstraction than other forms of data analysis.
Constant comparative analysis aims to facilitate the development and refinement of concepts and categories grounded in the data. Using a combination of inductive and abductive analysis the researcher engages in ongoing acts of decision-making, and is encouraged to challenge and refine their theory. It is the combined use of inductive and abductive processes which are believe to account for the conceptual leaps achieved through constant comparative analysis. While seeking to ensure the complexity of the data are represented, successively more abstract conceptualisations of the data are created. In constant comparative analysis, patterns are recognised and extrapolated from the detailed description of individual cases to a generalised and abstracted conceptualisation of a phenomenon.
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References
Birks M and Mills J. (2023) Grounded theory: a practical guide, London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Braun V and Clarke V. (2013) Successful qualitative research: a practical guide for beginners, London: Sage.
Bryant A and Charmaz K. (2007) The SAGE handbook of grounded theory, London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Charmaz K. (2014) Constructing grounded theory, London: Sage.
Glaser BG and Strauss AL. (1967) The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research, New York: Aldine.
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